how does cytokinesis differ in plant and animal cells quizlet Cytokinesis mitosis cell karyokinesis citocinesis eukaryotic capitulo divides clker significance
Throughout the process of cell division, there are two primary steps: karyokinesis, or the separation of the chromosomes, and cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm is divided to give rise to two daughter cells. Although both processes occur during cell division, they differ significantly. In this article, we will delve deeper into the differences between karyokinesis and cytokinesis, as well as examine the process of cytokinesis in further detail in both animal and plant cells.
What is Karyokinesis?
Karyokinesis, also known as mitosis, is the process by which the genetic material within a cell is divided into two identical nuclei. This step is critical in the overall process of cell division, as it ensures that each daughter cell will receive an exact copy of the genetic material present in the mother cell.
During karyokinesis, the chromosomes condense into distinct rod-like structures, and then proceed to align themselves along the cell’s equator. Following this alignment, specialized structures called spindle fibers attach themselves to the chromosomes, and begin to pull them apart. This ultimately results in the formation of two distinct nuclei, each containing a full set of genetic material.
What is Cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis, on the other hand, is the physical division of the cytoplasm, organelles, and other cellular components that is necessary to give rise to two daughter cells. In animal cells, cytokinesis typically begins with the formation of a contractile ring composed of actin and myosin filaments around the periphery of the cell. This ring then tightens, eventually causing a cleavage furrow to form, which deepens until the cell is separated into two identical daughter cells.
In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs slightly differently, as they possess a cell wall and are unable to form a cleavage furrow. Instead, a structure called a cell plate forms at the equator of the cell. This plate grows outward, eventually meeting the existing cell wall and fusing with it, resulting in the formation of two separate daughter cells.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the processes of karyokinesis and cytokinesis are both critical in the overall process of cell division. Karyokinesis refers to the separation of the genetic material into two identical nuclei, whereas cytokinesis is the physical separation of the cytoplasm to give rise to two daughter cells. Understanding both of these processes is essential in the study of cell biology and can have significant implications for medical research.
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How Does Cytokinesis Differ In Plant And Animal Cells : What Is
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